Cylinder Volume

On several engine, cylinder diameter wider than the cycles itself, that give short piston cycle and lessen of power caused by friction of piston ring with cylinder wall. Other benefit is the possibility to install valve so that give more volumetric efficient and engine performance.

Cycle Volume and Cylinder Volume
Cylinder volume is volume that shifts by shaft if the shaft moves from the top position to the bottom position. For giving illustration the parameter will represent as bellow:

Diameter : d
Cycle height : S

Cycle Volume in unit cm3 and dm3 and represented as Vs;

Vs = ¼ π d2 x S or 0.785 d2 x S

Engine with cycle height 80 mm and cylinder diameter 80 mm have cycle volume 402 cm3, the calculation is as follows:

Vs = 0.785 x 82 x 8 = 402 cm3 (rounded up)

The cycle volume calculation above represents in cm3 unit or commonly called as cc, cylinder diameter and cycle height represent in cm unit.

To calculate cylinder volume for engine with four cycles is four times of cycle volume, so the formula to calculate cylinder volume becomes:

V = 4 x Vs , where Vs are each cylinder volume.

ELECTRONIC FUEL TREATMENT

ELECTRONIC FUEL TREATMENT (EFT)

Researched from the problem of traffic jam and pollution in Indonesia, LIPI (Indonesia Institute of Sciences) invented for EFT (Electric Fuel Treatment) to enhance the fuel quality to their maximum therefore reducing fuel consumption and pollution. This device innovates the way of increasing fuel quality and efficiency by using Electrical Magnetic Resonance system, not just magnetic resonance those lots of them available in the market. It is also suitable for Leaded, Unleaded or Diesel fuel oil.

Here is the way it goes:
When the fuel goes through the device, the hydrocarbon molecular of fuel is electrically resonated by electrical magnetic induction to become a better and smaller molecular, therefore creating greater quality uncompromised fuel.

When greater quality fuel used, the combustion become perfect without leaving any residue to Injector or Carburetor this way indirectly reducing the fuel consumption and cleaner combustion room, therefore less treatment needed for the car.
The advantage of using this device is:

Increasing power.
Reducing engine vibration or knocking.
Less fuel consumption.
Environmentally friendly (low pollution).
Lower maintenance cost.

This product comes in 3 (three) different types:

1. EFT 045 LHD Specification :Power DC 12V, 500mAFuel type Leaded, UnleadedMaximum 500 CC (0.5 L engine)


2. EFT 110 LHDSpecification :Power DC 12 V, 750 mAFuel type Leaded, Unleaded, Diesel OilMaximum 4000 CC (4 L engine)


3. EFT 138 LHDSpecification :Power DC 24 V, 750 mAFuel type Leaded, Unleaded, Diesel OilFrom 4000 - 15000 CC (above 4 L engine.
   

This Electronik Fuel Treatment is propose for motorcycle and car, the price are :
Motorcycle : Rp 300.000,- or $ 33.3
Automobile : Rp 1.150.000,- or $ 127.8

Collision Avoidance (Preventive Safety)

Collision Avoidance (CA) using Auto Steering is an advance development feature of Lane Departure Warning (LDW). LDW use camera to monitor the car position to street boundary. If car pass through the street boundary without light on the sign, car automatically will sound to warn the driver.

CA with auto steering helps the driver on fatal collision due to temporary disturbance. Car completed with camera and radar to monitor the position and the environment. If car out of the right way, while in the same time car identified that any other car from adversative direction, automatically the car will move the safe direction. Until this time Volvo still investigate the limited steer angle and the right speed to operate this feature.

According to the Volvo research, car with completed by tools to communicate with the environment, can degrade accident number, and more safe for driver. From inter communication between car, the driver will get accurate information about the road condition, such as car in the front of or other car in the blind spot, obstacle in the street or hit on the break. Volvo use universal language that can understand by other car to communicate.

Anti Sleepy
The biggest and general contribution on car accident is sleepy. Mercedes Benz develops system and detects the human error on driving based on driving style changes. If there are any sleepy sign of driver, car will send a warning for rest. On year of 2009 this feature have ready to produce. This equipment called as Attention Assist, continuously to monitor the driver style and create individual profile, such as driving time, duration, and driving style. From this profile then the system determine the driver condition if out of profile database.

This technology summarized from a number of experiment with simulator in Berlin, continued with on the road test by 420 tester by pass through over 500,000 km. This experiment continues with climate variation, road condition, bad road and long road. From those experiment then got steering angle, speed, acceleration, use indicator and pedal, plus other factor like whether or road surface condition.

Safety First Equipment

Profile and Data base on Driver Assistance of Mercedes Benz is a New Car design safety equpment of this car.

Air bag, curtain airbag, or side impact protection is the equipment to protect on accident happened. But the technology need to protect human before the accident happened. This technology try to protect human before the accident happened. The driver profile can be saved in car system database, this technology also try to protect people outside the car, the example see on the feature below:

Collision Warning
Volvo have safety electronic; the first is collision warning (CW) with auto brake for walker, now have created safety that predict and prevent to accident. Preventive safety is all the feature help and driver support to avoid accident.

This technology detects the possibility of car collision. This equipment have eye censor help the driver to see people around him. CW work using radar with far range area detection in around car, in the back, side and front of car. If the car move close to walking people, car will give an sound alarm and red light. This can help drive act faster and ovoid accident.

If the accident risk higher and the road more traffic, CW will activate panic breaking feature. Automatically car brake will accept higher pressure, even before the driver press the brake, this hope will avoid the collision and can be minimized.

This automatic brake can down the car speed until 24 km/hours. But we may not always close the eyes, careful and good skill still need for several condition, such as the car speed is too high or the distance is too close, accident will unavoidable. This Safety equipment will applied in the future cars or exclusive car.

New Indonesian Permanent Circuit Ready

After there is certainty that sprint race disjointed by racer, suddenly a lot of readily party perform race. Four semi circuits permanent and permanent ready to use. Two located near by capital city, Jakarta.

South Cibubur

As long as race still be joined with speed race, practically speed race more and more to sink. Because, seen from expense, following race or sprint are equal costly. Other side, dissimilar training place more and more far from expectation. Finally PP IMI decides to apart these two branches so that sprint race can expand as place of training to all race racer candidate.

Mr. Sudarto SA, the owner of Dart Racing express have farm in South Cibubur area that can be used. The area about 10 hectare, can use for long term, beside for race event also can use for training. So this area very strategic causes the location near from Jakarta.

When ask more detail about his plan to build a circuit, Mr. Sudarto, father of Rally Marina, don't give more statement because there is not certainty of number event and sponsors that support this event. Clearly, the farm owner which fond of automotive, will voluntarily prepare the farm for circuit area. "We plant to build a tribune for audience and the family so can be balmy." This calm man continuous state, that planning to perform 3 series opened event this year.

Before the time, Ria Sungkar together with her brother Harris Gondokusumo, also tilling its possibility to perform the series of sprint race in Cibubur. Even in the same area but this is a different location.

From Medan, Ijeck reporting will perform 2-3 local championship. "The location have ready in Cemara Abadi that currently use for race and I will begin this year, and build as circuit permanent." Said the chief of North Sumatra IMI.

Borrowed Farm

PT. Bloedus Management Indonesia (BMI) as the national promoter of race, preparing for five serial championship this year. Three event is centered in Cikampek. So this need a circuit that is not far from Jakarta, Cikampek become a prefer alternative. Last year on 21 August 2007 BMI got Borrowed Farm form the owner of Autocar Industrial Area.

Sprint race circuit in East Java also have prepared in Gresik that can reach only 30 minutes from Surabaya. "I think Gresik ideal, because can be the base of sprint race in east Java, Bali, Makasar and Balik papan." Irawan said, the ex General Secretary of PP IMI.